<p>Responsible body: Private</p><br>
<p>The Campbell Archeological Site (23PM5), is an archaeological site in Southeastern Missouri occupied by the Late Mississippian Period Nodena Phase from 1350 to 1541 CE. The site features a large platform mound and village area, as well as several cemeteries. The site was excavated by amateur archaeologist Leo O. Anderson and Professor Carl Chapman from 1954 to 1968 and subsequently published the first material on the site in 1955. The site has yielded the largest number of Spanish artifacts of any prehistoric site in Southeastern Missouri. Finds at the site included glass chevron beads, a Clarksdale bell, iron knife fragments and part of a brass book binder. It was added to the NRHP on July 24, 1974 as NRIS number 74001086.</p><br>
<p>Located on the southern corner of the junction of Old and New Franklin Ditches, just east of the city of Cooter, the site has yielded prolific numbers of quartz pebbles and stone tools made of flint. Projectile points from the site are largely of two types: basic triangles and a "willow-leaf" shape that has been found at the Nodena Site and many similar sites to the south. Multiple cemeteries were found at the site; the first to be excavated was a small area just northeast of the main temple mound, at which eighteen skeletons were found. Grave goods were found with some burials, and bundle burial was also practiced.</p><br>
<p>Mississippian culture pottery was the most abundant artifact found at the Campbell Site. The types identified as Bell Plan and Neeleys Ferry Plain made up 58% of the total sherds found on the surface. Bell Plain dominated with 38.9%, and Neeleys Ferry Plain composed 19.4%. The only other pottery types of numerical significance were Old Town Red and Kent Incised, representing a little more than 4% and 1% of the total respectively. Numerically insignificant types included Walls Engraved, Carson Red on Buff, and Hollywood White Filmed; Chapman and Anderson suggested that they were funerary wares only, since Walls Engraved and Carson Red on Buff types were found in the graves.</p><br>
<p>Hovey Lake-Klein Archeological Site  is an archaeological site of the Caborn-Welborn variant of the Mississippian culture. Hovey Lake-Klein Archeological Site is located on the west bank of Hovey Lake, a backwater lake near the Ohio River close to its confluence with the Wabash River. The site was an extensive village occupation dating between 1400-1650 CE.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The site is located on a terrace 3.6 km from the Ohio River adjacent to Hovey Lake, in Indiana. The site is roughly 11.8 ha. There was a centrally located plaza as well as an encircling palisade with bastions. Houses were typical Mississippian rectangular wall trench wattle and daub structures set in shallow basins. Many had prepared clay hearths. Located near most houses were special pits used to store maize and other dried foods. The pits were large enough to have stored enough grain to feed 7 to 12 people for a year.</p><br>
<p>The Ashworth Archaeological Site is a significant archaeological site in the extreme southwestern corner of the USA state of Indiana. Located near the confluence of the Ohio and Wabash Rivers, it lies near several similar archaeological sites. It was first examined by archaeologists in the middle of the twentieth century and found to be the site of a relatively recent Native American village, and it has been designated a historic site because of its archaeological value.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The Ashworth Archaeological Site is located in the southern portion of Section 1, Township 8S, Range 14W, in the northeastern portion of Point Township, the southwesternmost township in Posey County, the southwesternmost county in Indiana. Another archaeological site, designated 12PO11, is located farther south in the same section; both sites are approximately 1 mi north of the northern end of Hovey Lake and an equal distance west of a bend of the Ohio River. It lies in a field on the eastern side of State Road 69 atop a bluff overlooking a slough.</p><br>
<p>Due to its location at the southern extremity of the state, Posey County experiences fewer frost days than most of the rest of Indiana. This favorable weather, combined with its place as the first portion of Indiana to be reached by one ascending the Ohio River, caused the land within the boundaries of the modern county to have one of Indiana&#39;s heaviest concentrations of Pre-Columbian populations. An archaeological field survey published in 1949 found evidence of fifteen different prehistoric villages in Point Township, which has yielded artifacts as old as a Folsom point, and as recent as the Mississippian period.</p><br>
<h2>Excavation</h2><br>
<p>In 1945, the state legislature voted a substantial appropriation to the Indiana Historical Bureau. As the Corps of Engineers was considering the construction of a massive levee along Posey County&#39;s Ohio River shoreline for flood control purposes, Indiana archaeologists feared the destruction of many riverside sites, and the Historical Bureau accordingly funded an extensive field survey that investigated the county from April to December of the following year. Follow-up surveys continued into 1947, and the results were published in 1949.</p><br>
<p>In early 1947, the surveyors visited northeastern Point Township and obtained permission to investigate a field that had a reputation of producing a wide range of archaeological material. Because the owner had just disked the field in preparation for planting corn, many artifacts had recently been brought to the surface and were readily apparent to the surveyors, such as lithic flakes, bits of human bone, and sherds of pottery. By intensively examining the surface of the field, the surveyors collected forty-three pottery sherds (including thirty-six that were shell-tempered), a projectile point, seven scrapers, four other stone tools, and a phalanx bone originating from a bovine species, either Bos taurus or Bison bison.</p><br>
<p>Having found this significant collection of artifacts, the surveyors sought and obtained the owners permission to excavate any human burials they discovered. Having found a cluster of three skeletons during one days research, they covered them as evening approached, planning to remove them and to continue their excavations on the following day. The three bodies were those of a child and two adults (one male and one female); they were found because the adult males tibia and fibula had been unearthed when the owner had disked his field. They had been buried in a rectangular shallow grave dug into a slope; the bodies heads pointed at a bearing of approximately 305°. Upon their return, the archaeologists learned that their excavations were completed: overnight, the owners religious beliefs had led him to conclude that no more excavations should be permitted, so as soon as the surveyors had finished sketching the skeletons, they followed the owners instructions by reburying them.</p><br>
<h2>Conclusions</h2><br>
<p>Based on the evidence it uncovered, the 1940s survey concluded that Ashworth was the site of a prehistoric village. The artifacts found during this survey are useful for identifying the people who lived at Ashworth: shell-tempered pottery is a hallmark of the Mississippian culture, and the inhabitants are now believed to have been members of the Caborn-Welborn culture, a Mississippian subgroup. Very similar results were found at the nearby site 12PO11, the other former village site in Section 1; as a result of the sites&#39; similar artifacts and the extremely small distance between them, 12PO11 was thought perhaps to be an outlying portion of Ashworth.</p><br>
<p>In 1985, approximately 50 acre of the Ashworth Archaeological Site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places because of its archaeological value. It is one of five Posey County archaeological sites on the Register and one of three in Point Township, along with an archaeological district near Hovey Lake and the major Murphy Site very close to the mouth of the Wabash.</p><br>
<p>Łabski Szczyt or Violík   is a mountain peak located in the western Karkonosze on the Czech-Polish border. The source of the River Elbe , one of Europe&#39;s major rivers, is situated on the southern  slopes of the mountain.</p><br>
<h2>Situation</h2><br>
<p>In the main range the very distinct peak is situated between Szrenica (sepatated from it by Mokra Pass) and Śnieżne Kotły, the next peak eastwards being Wielki Szyszak. The summit is entirely on the Polish side.</p><br>
<h2>Tourism</h2><br>
<p>The Polish-Czech Friendship Trail crosses the summit. Two mountain huts in the vicinity: Polish Schronisko pod Łabskim Szczytem and Czech Labská bouda – a modern concrete eight floor block, completed in 1975, a representant of brutalist architecture.</p><br>
<p>Pierrepont Town Buildings is a historic town hall and related building complex located at Pierrepont in St. Lawrence County, New York. The complex consists of three buildings: the Pierrepont Town Hall, Pierrepont Museum , and Pierrepont Union Church. The Pierrepont Town Hall is a white frame clapboard structure built in 1847 and originally of Greek Revival design. It features an open porch with Greek pediment with four square tapering columns. It was remodeled in 1901 and again in 1953-1955.</p><br>
<p>The Pierrepont Museum is housed in a former one-room school and is a one story wood frame structure built about 1826.</p><br>
<p>The Pierrepont Union Church is a one story wood frame Queen Anne style building with two main gable roofed sections built in the mid-1880s.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>At 527.8 m above sea level, the Große Blöße is the highest hill in the Solling-Vogler Nature Park, the Solling and the Weser Uplands .</p><br>
<p>Despite its name, the summit is forested.</p><br>
<h2>Geographical location</h2><br>
<p>The thickly forested hill is located about 7 km (as the crow flies) southwest of Dassel between the villages of Hellental to the north and Silberborn to the south. It rises on the southeastern flank of the Helle Rift Valley (Hellentaler Graben), through which the River Helle flows. On the far, northwestern, side of this graben is the Großer Ahrensberg, the second highest hill in the Solling range.</p><br>
<h2>Summit area</h2><br>
<p>The L 549 country road runs just past the unassuming summit of the Große Blöße through dense woods. The road runs from Dassel via Silberborn and Neuhaus to Boffzen.</p><br>
<h2>Photographs</h2><br>
<p></revision></p><br>
<p>Mount Sheridan el. 10,298 ft is a prominent mountain peak overlooking Heart Lake in the Red Mountains of Yellowstone National Park. The peak is named in honor of General Philip H. Sheridan, USA Army, one of the early protectors of the park.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Members of the Washburn–Langford–Doane Expedition in 1870 gave this mountain the name of Brown Mountain, while Lt. Gustavus C. Doane, also a member of the expedition named the mountain Yellow Mountain. In 1871 during the Hayden Geological Survey of 1871 Ferdinand Vandeveer Hayden named the peak Red Mountain. Also in 1871, Captain John W. Barlow, a military member of the Hayden expedition ascended the peak on August 10, 1871 and named it Mount Sheridan to honor the general. Years later the name Red Mountain was given to the entire range in which Mount Sheridan sits.</p><br>
<h2>Mount Sheridan Trail</h2><br>
<p>The summit can be reached via the Mount Sheridan Trail 3.3 mi which spurs off the Heart Lake Trail at the northwest corner of Heart Lake. This is a steep climb of 2,700 ft in 3 mi, but provides extraordinary views of the park in all directions and the Teton Range to the southwest.</p><br>
<p>Mayo Memorial United Methodist Church is a historic church located at 325 Third Street, Paintsville, Kentucky, United States. On January 26, 1989 the church was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The construction of the church began in 1908, at the urging of local millionaire, John C.C. Mayo, who was part of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South of Paintsville. Originally the cost of the church was estimated at $10,000, which Mayo promised to pay half of. Initially, he donated a site at the corner of Church and Third Streets for the church. But, he later purchased a site from C.B. Wheeler at the corner of Third and Court Streets, the present location.</p><br>
<p>The church was constructed out of native sandstone that was cut and shaped at Thomas Jefferson Mayos (John Mayos father) farm, which was located across Paint Creek. The stones were transported to the church by the same aerial tram which Mayo used to construct his mansion. The roof is made of over 12,000 glazed green tiles that weigh six pounds a piece. Its pipe organ was donated by Andrew Carnegie. The church is also well known for its large stained glass windows, designed by Italian craftsman and imported from Italy. The windows portray the Birth, Death, Resurrection, and Ascension of Christ.</p><br>
<p>At the end of construction, the total cost of the church was between $30,000 and $50,000 ($ in dollars). The first church service was held on September 19, 1909.</p><br>
<p>The Orpheum Theater opened in Champaign, Illinois in 1914 on the site of a vaudeville theater built in 1904. Designed by the Architectural firm Rapp & Rapp, the Orpheum  was built to accommodate both live vaudeville performances and the projection of film. After a series of renovations and changes of ownership, the Orpheum screened its final film in 1986.</p><br>
<p>Preserved from demolition in 1991, the Orpheum is now home to a childrens museum, the Orpheum Childrens Science Museum, and is undergoing restoration.</p><br>
<h2>Design and construction</h2><br>
<p>One of the earliest examples of movie theater architecture, the Orpheum is an early design by the prolific architectural firm Rapp and Rapp, a firm that would later design many famous American "Movie Palaces" in the first decades of the twentieth century.</p><br>
<p>George Leslie Rapp, an 1899 alumnus of the University of Illinois School of Architecture, with his brother Corneilus, founded the firm of Rapp &^ Rapp. They designed over 400 theaters including the Majestic Theater in Dubuque, Iowa (1910), the Chicago Theatre (1921), Bismark Hotel and Theatre (1926), Mighigan Theatre, Detroit (1926), Oriental Theater, Chicago (1926), and the Paramount Theater in New York City (1926) and Aurora (1931).</p><br>
<p>Rapp and Rapp designed the Orpheum as a scale model of the opera house at Versailles. The following year, they designed the Al. Ringling Theatre in Baraboo, Wisconsin, which was also a model of the Versailles opera house. The Ringlings, however, spent considerably more money for decorations.</p><br>
<p>The Orpheum interior style is French Renaissance and Baroque and the exterior is Classical Revival. There were 754 seats and 18 loge boxes.</p><br>
<p>The owners were Joseph M. Finn and Marcus Heiman of F&H Amusement Company. General contractor was Wile Brothers of Chicago, specialists in theater construction. The contract price was between $65,000 and $70,000. Work began in late May 1914. Mandel Brothers of Chicago had the contract for the draperies and other interior decorations. The scenery was done by Sosman & Landis of Chicago, who were considered the best scenery painters in the middle west.</p><br>
<h2>Early history in vaudeville</h2><br>
<p>Opening Night was on October 19, 1914. The performance began with the New Orpheum orchestra, under the leadership of Larry J. Powers, playing the "Illinois Loyalty", followed by "America" and "The Star-Spangled Banner". Mayor Oliver B. Dobbins gave a short speech complimenting the management for its elaborate and expensive effort to provide such an elegant theatre. Five high class vaudeville acts were presented, headlined by singer and comedian Herman Timberg, who had appeared a few weeks earlier at Chicago&#39;s Palace Theater. The evening closed with moving pictures. The manager was C. S. Harris.</p><br>
<p>The Orpheum was the main vaudeville stop in Champaign and Urbana, and a member of the noted Orpheum Circuit. It played host to many famous vaudevillians, including Trixie Friganza, Red Skelton, Harry Houdini (1923), Chic Sale, Virginia Sale, Will Rogers (1915), the Marx Brothers (1918), Bill "Bojangles" Robinson (1921), Jack Benny (1922), Bob Hope (1928), and Burns & Allen (1929). A few of the now classic films shown during the Orpheums long history include Birth of A Nation (1916), Intolerance (1917), City Lights (1931), Gone With the Wind (1940 & 1968), Dumbo (1941), A Streetcar Named Desire (1952), Mister Roberts (1955), and A Hard Days Night (1964).</p><br>
<p>During the Orpheums vaudeville period, part of the theaters second floor served as a boarding house, often housing African Americans at a time when local hotels practiced racial discrimination.</p><br>
<h2>As a cinema</h2><br>
<p>In the 1920s RKO Pictures began operating the Orpheum Theatre (it also operated the nearby Virginia Theater). Under the management of RKO, the theater was increasingly devoted to the screening of films, rather than to live performance in the vaudeville tradition. In 1967 a major renovation created a modern appearance by adding an aluminum facade and redoing the lobby.</p><br>
<p>In 1971 GKC Theaters purchased the Orpheum, as the theater struggled to remain profitable. In 1982 GKC leased it, as part of an attempt to recast the Orpheum as an art house. After this attempt failed, the Orpheum briefly returned to screening first run films, before finally closing in 1986, screening the trick slasher film April Fools Day as the theaters final showing.</p><br>
<h2>Preservation and Children's Museum</h2><br>
<p>The Champaign Preservation and Conservation Association (PACA) sponsored a public meeting on April 8, 1989, in response to plans to raze the now closed and deteriorating theater. This meeting was held to gauge public interest in saving the Orpheum Theatre. The City of Champaign purchased the Orpheum and adjacent building as a site for a possible parking deck in January, 1990. The city allowed 45 PACA volunteers to spend Saturday, July 7, 1990, removing the aluminum facade to reveal the original look of the building and to assess any damage.</p><br>
<p>PACA hired theatre consultant Michael Hardy to do a feasibility study of the Orpheum. He suggested, in July 1990, a childrens museum as a possible use for the building. The city did not have a childrens museum and there were already several successful performing arts facilities in the area.</p><br>
<p>The City of Champaign razed the adjacent warehouse building in February 1991. In the fall of 1991, the theatre facade was cleaned and painted and the marquee given cosmetic repairs by PACA. The trompe loeil cornice reminiscent of the original was painted above the theater entrance. In 1994 the Orpheum Childrens Science Museum opened its doors to the public.</p><br>
<p>The museum currently houses interactive exhibits and supports a variety of camps and clubs.</p><br>
<p>The board of the museum has expressed interest in either relocation or expansion of the facility. Proposals for reuse of the facility were requested by the museum board in January 2009. However, by 2013, long-term plans for the museum involved expansion of the current facility.</p><br>
<h2>Air-Maze Project Addition</h2><br>
<p>In the summer of 2014, University Laboratory High School (Uni High)&#39;s teacher Sharlene Denos met with leading members of the museum to discuss a project that could be done in tandem with the high school. Within 6 months, her students materialized the initiative. As of March 2017, this addition is still visible at the museum.</p><br>
<p>The Michael J. Kirwan Educational Television Center, also known as KVZK-TV or KVZK Building, is a historic and current television center in Utulei, American Samoa. It is named for USA congressman Michael J. Kirwan, from Ohio, who took an interest in the development of American Samoa, and was instrumental in securing funding for a wide variety of improvements in the territorys infrastructure. It is a utilitarian concrete structure, roughly cruciform in shape, with a corrugated metal gable roof, located behind the Department of Education building on Route 1 in Utulei. It was built in 1964 as part of an innovative initiative to reform American Samoas then-primitive educational facilities by broadcasting lessons from a central facility to the territorys remote schools. This initiative resulted in the widespread electrification of the territorys islands, and the construction of roads and new schools, and was widely regarded as a model for improving education in underdeveloped parts of the world. By the 1970s use of the broadcast facilities for education declined.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the USA National Register of Historic Places on October 23, 2009.</p><br>
<p>Raymondville Parabolic Bridge is a historic lenticular truss bridge located at Raymondville in St. Lawrence County, New York. It was constructed in 1886 and spans the Raquette River. It was constructed by the Berlin Iron Bridge Co. of East Berlin, Connecticut. It was closed to vehicular traffic in 1979 was used briefly as a pedestrian bridge. then closed completely to all traffic for safety reasons. There is now no public access to the bridges actual deck, but both approaches are accessible on foot. There is a nearby similar but shorter version of this bridge also built by the Berlin Iron Bridge Co. still in use linking River Road and NY 56 at Yaleville, New York. In the late 50s tragedy struck on the parabolic bridge. A small boy while walking to school one morning lost his footing and slipped on some ice and fell under the railing into the Raquette River where he drowned.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>Big Mountain is a mountain in Pushmataha County, Oklahoma. It is part of the Kiamichi Mountains, a subrange of the Ouachita Mountains.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The summit of Big Mountain is 1,145 feet above sea level. Its latitude is 34.41.5378 and longitude is -95.614419. It is located 5.5 miles northeast of Moyers, Oklahoma.</p><br>
<p>Buck Creek forms its southern limit. Pine Creek forms its northern limit. The Kiamichi River forms its eastern limit, and Kimbrough Creek forms its western limit. The mountain is considered to form the southern geographic limit of Johns Valley.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Big Mountain has also in the past been called Deer Mountain.</p><br>
<p>During World War II the area was the site of two lethal air crashes. British pilots operating from a Royal Air Force base in Texas crashed into White Rock Mountain and Big Mountain, killing four crew men. Two planes were destroyed. On February 20, 2000 the AT6 Monument was dedicated in the fliers&#39; honor at the crash site on Big Mountain. Over 1,000 people attended the ceremony, and the story was carried by the British Broadcasting Corporation and many newspapers around the world.</p><br>
<h2>Development</h2><br>
<p>Big Mountain is the entry point for a vast acreage known locally as the Kiamichi Wilderness. The Wilderness was subdivided during the 1970s and 1980s as a land development scheme. It remains highly rural and isolated. There are relatively few homes; most dwellings are cabins.</p><br>
<p>Phase One of the Kiamichi Wilderness, closer to the front of the mountain, contains passable roads. Electric and telephone service extend partway into the area. Phases Two and Three, each ranging successively to the west, are progressively isolated, and Phase Three is reachable only during dry weather, when creeks may be forded.</p><br>
<p>Many of the landowners are from the Dallas, Texas area and visit on weekends. They are known locally as “weekend warriors”. The residents of Big Mountain, although living in scattered isolation, have developed a cohesive social network which has spawned regular gatherings and support ranging from Friday night rattlesnake fries to a volunteer fire department.</p><br>
<p>The only entry to the area is via the road from the Kiamichi River valley. During the Kiamichi Wilderness’s early years this was controlled by a guard shack. During recent years, the entrance is monitored 24/7 by cameras and is manned frequently by a security officer. Land Owners and their guests are the only ones allowed on the mountain. The AT6 Monument is a short way into Phase One from the guard shack, with good roads and a directional sign allowing for easy access.</p><br>
<p>The Vardy Community School was a Presbyterian mission school established in the Vardy community of Hancock County, Tennessee, United States, in the late-19th and early-20th centuries. At the time of its founding, the school was the only institution providing primary education to children of the multi-racial Melungeon communities, who lived in the remote mountainous areas along the Tennessee-Virginia border.</p><br>
<p>Part of a segregated system, it was restricted to children considered black or multiracial. Presbyterian missionaries operated the school until 1955; following the United States Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education (1954) ruling that segregated schools were unconstitutional, it became part of the Hancock County public school system. In 1984, the school and the structures associated with the mission community that developed around it were designated as a historic district and listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Vardy Community School Historic District.</p><br>
<p>During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, dozens of settlement schools and mission schools were established across rural Appalachia. In 1892 the Presbyterian Church decided to build such a school at Vardy, a community located near the heart of Melungeon country in the Blackwater Creek Valley. Over the next forty-five years, the mission school complex expanded to include a three-story frame schoolhouse, a church, a manse, a library, and several residences for teachers and children.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The Vardy community, sometimes called "Vardy Valley," is situated in a narrow valley carved by Blackwater Creek between Newmans Ridge on the south and Powell Mountain on the north. The valley, part of the Clinch River watershed, stretches for roughly 10 mi from Mulberry Gap southwest of Vardy to the Blackwater community in Lee County, Virginia to the northeast. Vardy is still relatively isolated, its primary access being from Sneedville via State Highway 63, which crosses Newmans Ridge through a series of steep switchbacks before intersecting Vardy Blackwater Road near Mulberry Gap. The Vardy School Community is located along Vardy Blackwater Road about 5 mi east of the road&#39;s junction with TN-63.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the early 19th century, the early Melungeon settler Vardeman "Vardy" Collins (1764&ndash;?) received a grant for a large plot of land in the Newmans Ridge area. It included the land on which the Vardy school and church are now located. In subsequent decades, his descendants developed his namesake community along Blackwater Creek. In 1834, the Tennessee Constitutional Convention restricted the rights of free people of color, including Melungeons, depriving them of the right to vote, which they had had since the state was established in 1796. They were also forbidden attending public schools, of which there were few in rural areas. This disfranchisement was similar to restrictions passed in Virginia and other southern states following the 1831 Nat Turner slave rebellion. Such racial discrimination contributed to the Melungeons of Newmans Ridge maintaining a closed, endogamous community.</p><br>
<p>Presbyterians were active in Vardy by the late 19th century, when itinerant Presbyterian ministers Christopher Humble and H.P. Cory were conducting sporadic services in the Blackwater Valley. In 1892, the Presbyterian Churchs Holston Presbytery decided to establish a mission school at Vardy, and the Presbyterian Womens Board of Missions appointed Annie Miller and Maggie Axtell as missionaries to the community. Batey Collins (a grandson of Vardeman) and his wife Cynthia donated several acres of land for the mission school and church, and other locals donated lumber and helped with construction. The Vardy Mission School, which initially held classes in a crude log structure (no longer standing), was the first to offer the state-mandated 1st-grade through 8th-grade curriculum to children living in the valley. The Vardy Presbyterian Church was completed in 1899, and a new frame schoolhouse was completed in 1902.</p><br>
<p>In 1910, Mary Rankin, a Scottish missionary and Columbia graduate, arrived in Vardy. For more than three decades, she served as a teacher and nurse. Rankin taught prenatal and postnatal childcare to local mothers and fought malnutrition in the valley. Between 1920 and 1952, the Vardy mission thrived under the leadership of Chester F. Leonard and his wife, Josephine. A new three-story schoolhouse, powered by a Delco generator, was completed in 1929. Upon completion of the new schoolhouse, the Vardy Mission School became known as the Vardy Community School. A series of interim ministers succeeded Leonard.</p><br>
<p>Following the United States Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education (1954), ruling that segregated schools were unconstitutional, the Presbyterian Church sold the Vardy school to Hancock County in 1955 and it became part of the public school system. Classes continued at the school until 1973, and services continued at the Vardy Presbyterian Church until 1980.</p><br>
<p>By 1984, when the Vardy school, church, and ancillary structures were added to the National Register of Historic Places, Vardy had just eight residents. With a $10,000 grant from the Tennessee Humanities Council, the Vardy Community Historical Society began restoring the Vardy Community Schools surviving structures. In 2000, the group restored the Mahala Mullins Cabin and moved it from atop Newmans Ridge to Vardy Blackwater Road, opposite the church.</p><br>
<h2>Historic structures</h2><br>
<h3>Vardy School Community Historic District</h3><br>
<p>The Vardy School Community Historic District consists of eight contributing structures and several ancillary structures. The structures all have vernacular designs, although the school and some residences have bungalow influences, and the church&#39;s bell tower has Gothic influences. Contributing structures include:</p><br>
<p>Vardy Community School, a three-story structure built in 1929 and designed by William H. Leonard (father of Chester F. Leonard). The building originally consisted of a frame structure with a gambrel cross-gable roof and corregated metal siding. The buildings 96 windows allowed ample sunlight to enter during cooler months and allowed cross-breezes to cool classrooms during the warmer months. The building collapsed in October 2003, and only the first-story south wall and part of the first-story floor remain intact. The school has five ancillary structures: a frame garage, a limestone storehouse, a limestone bath house, a limestone water storage tank, and a frame teachers cottage.</p><br>
<p>Vardy Presbyterian Church, a one-story structure built in 1899 by Morgan Osborne and Miles Watson of nearby Blackwater, Virginia. The church has white frame walls, a pitched tin roof, and a two-story side-gabled roof bell tower. The entrance to the church is via double-leaf door at the base of the bell tower. The church has pointed arch windows on its sides and a tripartite pointed-arch tracery window on its front facade. Heavy swinging double-doors divide the vestibule and sanctuary.</p><br>
<p>The Chester F. Leonard Manse, a one-story frame structure built in 1921. This building is a prefabricated structure ordered from an Iowa company, and consists of weatherboard siding and a side-gable roof.</p><br>
<p>The Clinic, a one-story structure consisting of two rooms with an exterior door for each room on the west side, built over a rock cellar circa 1923. Located behind the manse, it has corrugated metal siding with four windows spanning the front wall and two windows on the back side.</p><br>
<p>The general store, a one-story frame structure built in 1937.</p><br>
<p>The second Vardy Mission School, a -story frame structure built in 1902. This building has clapboard siding, a pitched gable roof, and a covered porch. The building replaced a crude log structure that had served as the mission&#39;s "first" schoolhouse for nearly a decade. After the completion of the Vardy Community School in 1929, this structure was converted into a residence.</p><br>
<p>A -story house built in 1920. The house is a frame structure with side-gabled roof and a covered front porch.</p><br>
<p>A one-story house built in 1934. The house is a frame structure with a gable roof and covered porch. The house has two contributing ancillary structures&mdash; a two-door limestone-wall garage and a small frame storage shed.</p><br>
<h3>Mahala Mullins Cabin</h3><br>
<p>The Mahala Mullins Cabin was the residence of Mahala Mullins (1824&ndash;1898), a legendary Melungeon moonshiner. Afflicted with elephantiasis, Mullins was extremely heavy, which led to local exaggerations about her size. Revenue agents were aware of Mullins&#39; moonshining activities, and often destroyed her stills, but due to her size, they were unable to arrest her.</p><br>
<p>The cabin is a two-story "dogtrot" cabin constructed of hewn poplar logs with dovetail notching. Massive chimneys of native stone were built at both ends of the cabin. The dogtrot was filled in to make extra room in the 1920s, but has been restored to its original state. The cabin was originally located on the slopes of Newman&#39;s Ridge on the property of Dan and Chris Williams. The Williamses donated the cabin to the Vardy Community Historical Society, and the cabin was relocated and restored in 2000.</p><br>
<p>Malte Brun is the highest peak in the Malte Brun Range, which lies between the Tasman and Murchison Glaciers within New Zealand&#39;s Southern Alps. According to Land Information New Zealand, it rises to a height of 3,199 m, although other sources give heights ranging from 3155 to 3199 m. A list published by the New Zealand Alpine Club ranks Malte Brun as the third highest mountain in New Zealand.</p><br>
<p>It was named by Julius von Haast after the French geographer Victor Adolphe Malte-Brun.</p><br>
<h2>Climbing</h2><br>
<p>Malte Brun was first ascended by Tom Fyfe (solo climb) in March 1894 via the North Face. Today, many climbing routes lie on the mountain, all of which require technical experience and equipment. The classic route is the West Ridge which includes the "Cheval", a knife edge ridge traversed by straddling. Some of the major climbing routes on Malte Brun include:</p><br>
<p>– West Ridge (NZ Alpine grade 3+)</p><br>
<p>– South Ridge (NZ Alpine Grade 3)</p><br>
<p>– South Face (NZ Alpine Grades 4 – 4+)</p><br>
<p>Two huts servicing climbers used to exist on the lower slopes, The Beetham hut in the Beetham Valley, and the Malte Brun Hut on moraine terraces above the Tasman Glacier. The Beetham hut was destroyed by Avalanche in the early 1990s.</p><br>
<p>Herring-Cole Hall is a historic institutional building located at St. Lawrence University in Canton, St. Lawrence County, New York. It is a -story structure built of Potsdam sandstone. It was built in two stages and its T-shaped plan is due to the attachment of the Cole Reading Room  at a right angle to the Herring Library . It is located within the St. Lawrence University-Old Campus Historic District.</p><br>
<p>Popular campus lore maintains that the building is haunted by one or more spirits or ghosts. The building plays host to the occasional séance for this reason, and is a favorite location for local meditation circles, though this stems from its acoustics, lighting, age, atmosphere, and isolation.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<p>Antler Peak, el. 10,063 ft is a prominent mountain peak in the Gallatin Range in Yellowstone National Park. The peak was originally named Bell&#39;s Peak in honor of an Assistant Secretary of the Interior by either Philetus Norris, the second park superintendent or W.H.Holmes, a USA Geological Survey geologist in 1878. However in 1885, Arnold Hague of the USA Geological Survey renamed the peak Antler Peak because of the numerous shed elk and deer antlers found on its slopes.</p><br>
<p>Although Antler Peak is clearly visible from the Grand Loop Road as it passes through Swan Lake Flats and the Indian Creek area, there are no maintained trails to the summit. The Bighorn Pass Trail, with its trailhead at Indian Creek passes approximately 2 mi north of the peak.</p><br>
<p>Penhill  is a prominent hill in the Pennines in North Yorkshire, England. It forms a ridge that commands the southern side of Wensleydale and the northern side of Coverdale. Its concave shape was formed during the last ice age, when glaciers carved Wensleydale into a U-shape. The summit plateau has a trig point, small tarns on the peat moor, and, visible from the valley floor, a beacon at its eastern end, part of the large network built to warn of a Spanish invasion.</p><br>
<p>Penhill is accessed by public footpaths from the village of West Witton, by a bridleway from a minor road between West Witton and Melmerby, or over open access land from the south.</p><br>
<p>Although Penhill is not a very high hill, its position near the mouth of Wensleydale makes it visible from a considerable distance - from the North York Moors across the Vale of York, as well as from many points in the dale.</p><br>
<p>Like Pendle Hill, Penhill is a pleonastic name consisting of Brittonic (penn) and Old English (hyll) words for "hill".</p><br>
<p>Responsible body: Private</p><br>
<p>The Mann Site (12 Po 2) is a Crab Orchard culture site located off Indian Mound Road in Mount Vernon, Posey County, Indiana. It was placed on the National Historic Register on October 1, 1974. Exotic ceramics and other artifacts found at the site reflect contact with Ohio Hopewell and Swift Creek culture people of the Georgia Piedmont and Gulf Coastal Plain.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The site is a large late Middle Woodland period multicomponent complex of mounds, geometric earthworks and habitation sites near the confluence of the Wabash and Ohio Rivers in extreme southwestern Indiana dating between about 100 and 500 CE. It is located on a high river terrace. The scale and complexity of mounds and other earthworks at the Mann site is rivaled in the Midwest only by the Hopewell sites of southern Ohio and whose population size may have been on a scale unparalleled by any of the Ohio centers and perhaps by any other Hopewell site in the Midwest.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>Many artifacts of exotic raw materials and foreign manufacture recovered from the site reflect participation in Hopewell ceremonialism and status differentiation. A unique aspect of the materials found is the large amount of complicated stamped, simple stamped, and tetrapodal vessels. Vessels such as these are commonly found in contemporary sites from the southeastern United States, but are rare in the Ohio Valley. These ceramics are stylistically similar to Early Swift Creek culture ceramics commonly found in the Georgia Piedmont and Gulf Coastal Plain. Some of the design motifs documented at the Mann site are identical to examples found in Georgia. Microscopic and x-ray diffraction analysis of these artifacts shows the most likely source for these exotic ceramics lies in the Blue Ridge and southern Appalachian Piedmont Provinces. Investigations in the Blue Ridge and southern Appalachian Piedmont Provinces show that sites from the Middle Woodland Connestee phase were in contact with Ohio Hopewell populations between about 200 and 500 CE. Evidence for this contact comes from similarities in vessel form, decoration, surface treatment and tempering agents. These attributes are also shared with stamped sherds from the Mann site. This suggests that the fine simple stamped sherds at the Mann site were manufactured by Connestee phase populations in the Appalachian Summit area. The rarity of these artifacts suggests that at Ohio Hopewell interactions with populations in the Appalachian Summit area, Georgia Piedmont and Gulf Coastal Plain were uncommon occurrences, characterized by the occasional northern movement of ceramics. Another unusual occurrence at the Mann site is the local production of vessels using Georgian Piedmont designs in significant numbers. Examples of a type of pottery decoration consisting of a diamond-shaped checks found at the Mann Site are also known from Hopewell sites in Ohio (such as Seip Earthworks, Rockhold, Harness, and Turner), as well as from Southeastern sites with Hopewellian assemblages such as the Miner&#39;s Creek site, Leake Mounds, 9HY98, and Mandeville Site in Georgia, and the Yearwood site in southern Tennessee.</p><br>
<p>The Keim Homestead is a historic farm on Boyer Road in Pike Township, Berks County, Pennsylvania. It was built in 1753 for Jacob Keim and his wife Magdalena Hoch on land given to the couple by her father. Jacob was the son of Johannes Keim, who immigrated from Germany in 1689 and scouted the Pennsylvania countryside for land that was similar in richness to the soil from the Black Forest of Germany. He thought he found it and returned to Germany, married his wife, Katarina. They came to America in 1707. Keim originally built a log structure for his family&#39;s housing and later a stone home along Keim Road in Pike Township. The main section of the Jacob and Magdelena Keim house on Boyer Road was built in two phases and it is, "replete with early German construction features... including extremely original second floor Chevron door." The exterior building material  is limestone. The finishings and trimmings are mostly original to the house; relatively unusual in a home of this period.</p><br>
<p>The Historic Preservation Trust of Berks County describes the house in this way:</p><br>
<p>There have been subsequent additions to the house, especially porches in later centuries. The Hartman Cider Press was moved from its original location in Muhlenberg Township, 11 miles to the Keim Homestead in 1975.</p><br>
<p>The Keim Homestead was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 2016 as a nationally significant example of German colonial architecture.</p><br>
<p>Salim Ali Sarovar   is located near Delhi Gate, opposite Himayat Bagh, Aurangabad. It is located in the northern part of the city. During the Mughal period it was known as Khiziri Talab. It has been renamed after the great ornithologist, naturalist Salim Ali and also known as birdman of India.</p><br>
<p>The office of Divisional Commissioner Aurangabad division is located near it, so is the collector&#39;s office of Aurangabad District.</p><br>
<h2>Mughal era</h2><br>
<p>In Aurangzebs time, a large marsh or tank extended the whole length of the northern wall, (extending from present day Salim Ali Lake till Begumpura / Makbara) but the exhalation and dampness proved unhealthy and Aurangzeb ordered the portion immediately in front of his palace (Kila-e-Ark) to be filled in and converted into fields. This reclaimed portion was later developed into Mughal garden, (now known as Himayat Bagh) by one of the officials of Aurangzebs court, with many fruit bearing trees of different varieties for the royal court and its officials. The remainder was known as the Khizri talao which is just beyond the Delhi gate. The other small tank was the Kanval or Loti talao, (near present-day Aam Khas grounds between Kila-e-Ark and Begumpura) was fed by a spring and was confined in the hollow between the palace of Aurangzeb and the Mecca gate, but the band was purposely destroyed to save the city from being flooded.</p><br>
<h2>Present period</h2><br>
<p>Salim Ali Talab as it is known in the present times also contains a small bird Sanctuary and the area around the lake is good for Bird watching in Winter when a number of migratory birds arrive for nesting. There is a garden maintained by the Aurangabad Municipal Corporation. Boating facilities is also available when the lake is full during the rainy & winter seasons. Recently it was dredged for silt to increase its water holding capacity.</p><br>
<h2>Biodiversity</h2><br>
<p>Salim Ali lake and its surrounding is rare and rich biodiversity spot within the city that hosts almost 16 tree species, 11 shrub types, 8 climbers, 32 terrestrial herbaceous plants, 10 varieties of algae, 12 of aquatic herbs, 16 aquatic insects, molluscs and crustaceans, nine varieties of fish, 15 species reptiles, seven types of rodents and mammals and 102 types of insects.</p><br>
<p>Efforts are taken by environment activists and bird lovers in the city to close the historic Salim Ali Lake for public for the time being and declare it as a biodiversity hot spot for conservation.</p><br>
<p>The Rayner Memorial Clock Tower stands in front of the Town Hall in Bulkeley Square, Llangefni, Isle of Anglesey, Wales. It is designated by Cadw as a Grade II listed building.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The tower was built in 1902 and designed by the Chester architect John Douglas. It was erected in memory of George Pritchard Rayner who died in Bloemfontein Hospital in 1900.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The clock tower is built in limestone in Gothic Revival style. It is polygonal in plan with clock faces on the four cardinal sides. On the south side is an arched entrance and on the east and west sides are water spouts in metal lion-heads. Under the east spout is a trough and under the west spout is a smaller basin. Above the entrance is a granite plaque with a gilded inscription. The clock faces protrude and are supported by corbels. Over each clock face is a gable containing a vent in the tympanum and surmounted by a ball finial. At the top of the tower is a small conical spire with lucarnes and a weather vane.</p><br>
<p>The Henry Ford Square House  is a single-family house located at 29835 Beechwood Avenue in Garden City, Michigan. It was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1979 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Henry Ford and Clara Jane Bryant were married on April 11, 1888. Clara drew the plans, specifying the kitchen, sitting room, parlor and bedroom. Henry built the house himself, using timber cut on the property and finished in the sawmill he operated. An expert carpenter helped with the fancy-work details, such as the turned balustrades. The couple moved into the house in about June 1889. Ford later added a workshop, where he experimented with gasoline-powered engines.</p><br>
<p>The Fords lived in this house only until September 1891, when they left for Detroit. However, they retained ownership of the house until 1937, using it as a summer cottage. Ford gave the cottage to an employee, Robert Smith. After the Fords died, the land around the house was bought by the Ford Land Development Corporation, who told Smith to move the cottage to make room for freeway expansion; in 1952, it was moved to its present location. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Henry Ford Square House is a 2-story square house, 31 feet on each side, with a mansard roof and clapboard siding. The center-entrance front facade has a window cap on the second-floor bedroom window. The interior of the house has a kitchen, dining room, living room, family room, 4 bedrooms, 1 1/2 baths, and a full basement.</p><br>
<p>El Orcoquisac Archeological District is a registered USA historic site located near Galveston Bay in present-day Wallisville, Texas. The site preserves an important Spanish presidio and trading center as well as an important settlement for the Akokisa and Bidai tribes that once inhabited the area.</p><br>
<p>Frenchmen, led by Joseph Blancpain and engaged in fur and hide trading with the tribes, had operated in the area near the mouth of the Trinity River in the early 18th century even though the area was claimed by the Spanish. Alarmed by this, the Spanish drove out the French and, in 1756, established a presidio known as San Augustín de Ahumada at the El Orcoquisac site. Within the presidio, a Roman Catholic mission known as Nuestra Señora de la Luz was also established. The Spanish post was never as successful in fur trading as Blancpain&#39;s operation. The presidio and mission were moved and gradually abandoned in the later 18th century.</p><br>
<p>The site was rediscovered by the amateur historian John V. Clay in 1965 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.</p><br>
<p>West Bearskin Lake is an oligotrophic glacial lake near the Boundary Waters Canoe Area  in Minnesota, United States. West Bearskin Lake is a source of control sediment for US federal sediment toxicity studies. West Bearskin Lake is also home to Camp Menogyn, a YMCA camp only accessible by boat.</p><br>
<h2>Sediments and Scientific Significance</h2><br>
<p>Due to the cleanliness of this pristine lake and physical attributes of the sediment, West Bearskin Lake sediment is ideal for sediment toxicity testing. West Bearskin Lake sediment is used as a control sediment in the federal governments toxicity tests and was used to develop the US EPAs toxicity testing methods.</p><br>
<h2>Some United States Government Federal Studies That Utilized West Bearskin Lake Sediment</h2><br>
<p>US EPA. 2000. Methods for Measuring the Toxicity and Bioaccumulation of Sediment-associated Contaminants with Freshwater Invertebrates Second Edition.</p><br>
<p>Kemble, N.E., C.G. Ingersoll, and J.L. Kunz. 2001. Evaluation of Toxicity of Sediment Samples Collected from Santa Ana National Wildlife Refuge, Texas. United States Geological Survey.</p><br>
<p>Bechtel Jacobs Company LLC. 1998. Biota Sediment Accumulation Factors for Invertebrates: Review and Recommendations for the Oak Ridge Reservation USA Department of Energy.</p><br>
<p>Mierzykowski, S.E., C.G. Ingersoll, and K.C. Carr. 1997 USA Fish and Wildlife Service New England Field Office Special Project Report: FY97-MEFO-1-EC Toxicity Tests and Sediment Chemistry at Site 9 (Neptune Drive Disposal Site).</p><br>
<p>National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 1996. Bioavailability of Sediment-Associated Toxic Organic Contaminants.</p><br>
<h2>Peer Review Journal Articles That Utilized West Bearskin Lake Sediment</h2><br>
<p>Below is a partial list of studies that utilized West Bearskin Lake sediment.</p><br>
<p>The Olcott Avenue Historic District, in Bernardsville, Somerset County, New Jersey, United States, recognizes a neighborhood that was developed in the early 20th century.</p><br>
<p>According to the National Park Service:</p><br>
<p>The Olcott Avenue neighborhood in the borough of Bernardsville, located in northeast Somerset County, was developed at the turn of the 20th century as a carefully laid out middle class residential neighborhood. The streets in the district are characterized by lots of moderate size with regular setbacks with moderate to substantial dwellings constructed in a variety of late 19th and early 20th century architectural styles, several of which are particularly noteworthy examples. The original dwellings constructed during the first three decades or so of the 20th century all still stand and the streetscape has changed relatively little since curbs and sidewalks were added and the road was paved around 1916. Residents of the district have continued the long tradition of participation in civic activities.</p><br>
<p>The district was listed on the USA National Register of Historic Places on November 20, 2009.</p><br>
<p>Lost Cove Cave, also known as Buggytop Cave, is a cave in Franklin County, south Tennessee near the towns of Sewanee and Sherwood and close to the Alabama border. It is noted for its large main entrance and the extensive archeological artifacts of the Woodland and Mississippian periods found inside.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Lost Cove Cave is a part of the Carter Natural Area section of South Cumberland State Park and is located in Lost Cove. It has three notable entrances: the main or Buggytop entrance which is 100 ft wide and 80 ft high, the second or Great Room entrance which was formed by the collapse of an upper section of the mid-cave area, and the third or Peter Cave entrance. The Peter Cave entrance opens into the so-called Indian Room which has been excavated for archeological artifacts since the 19th century.</p><br>
<p>Lost Cove Creek (or sometimes simply Lost Creek) is a river that enters the cave from Lost Cove at the Big Sinks and emerges from the Buggytop Entrance of the cave as Crow Creek into Crow Creek Valley. From there it flows through Sherwood, Tennessee before empting into the Tennessee River at Guntersville Lake near Stevenson, Alabama, several miles to the south.</p><br>
<p>Archaeological work by students accomplished between 1959-1961 was published in The Tennessee Archaeologist, Vol. XVIII, No. 1 pp. 408 -430</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Originating in the Ennedi Region of Chad Wadi Howar runs through the Sudanese states of North Darfur and Northern to join the Nile north of the great bend opposite Old Dongola. Stretching over 1100 km in west-east direction across the southern fringes of the Libyan Desert, it ordinarily receives 25 mm of rainfall per year.Kröpelin, Stefan and Pachur, Hans-Joachim 1987, Wadi Howar: Paleoclimatic Evidence from an Extinct River System in the Southeastern Sahara Science. New Series. Vol. 237. No. 4812 (July 17, 1987) pp.</p><br>
<p>298-300.</p><br>
<h2>Holocene period</h2><br>
<p>Wadi Howar is the remnant of the ancient Yellow Nile, a tributary of the Nile during the Neolithic Subpluvial from about 9500 to 4500 years ago. At that time Savanna fauna and cattle-herders occupied this region and the southern edge of the Sahara was some 500 km further north than it is today. When the Sahara underwent Desertification between 6000 and 4000 years ago, the wadi first became a chain of freshwater lakes and marshes, as shown by Ptolemy&#39;s world map, then it became extinct about 2000 years ago.</p><br>
<h2>Archaeology</h2><br>
<p>Abundant prehistoric sites certify Wadi Howar as a once ecologically favoured area of settlement and a communication route between the inner regions of Africa and the Nile Valley. The hitherto most thoroughly investigated archaeological site in the wadi is Gala Abu Ahmed.</p><br>
<p>St Oswald&#39;s Chambers consists of a commercial property at 20–22 St Werburgh Street, Chester, Cheshire, England. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The building was designed by local architect John Douglas and built in 1898. St Werburgh Street had been widened in the mid-1890s, and Douglas designed a terrace that was built around 1895-97, which consisted of shops and a bank on the east side of the street, numbered 2–18. Widening the street had opened up the view of Chester Cathedral from Eastgate Street, but beyond the terrace the view was partly obscured by structures belonging to the business of Dicksons, seed merchants and nurserymen. Douglas purchased the site to the north of the terrace and designed St Oswald&#39;s Chambers to be built in line with the terrace, and in a similar style, to enhance the view towards the cathedral.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>St Oswald&#39;s Chambers is constructed in two storeys with a rear wing. The upper storey is entirely timber-framed; the main part of the lower storey is in red sandstone, and the lower storey of the wing is in red Ruabon brick. The roof is of Westmorland green slate. The main front of the building is on St Werburgh Street and faces west; a canted corner leads to the south front in a side street. In the centre of the main front is an arched doorway with the date in the spandrels of the arch. Above it is a panel inscribed with the name of the building. To the left of the door is a mullioned and transomed window and to the right is a shop window. In the corner is the door leading into the shop. The upper storey contains two casement windows; that to the left has four lights and the other has three. Above each window is a dormer gable, each with a richly carved bargeboard. On the corner, above the doorway, is a nine-light casement window, with three lights on each front and the other three lights across the corner. Over this is a short octagonal spire, topped by a finial and a weather vane. The south face has a two-light window in the lower storey and a three-light window above. On the north side are one three-light and three four-light windows in each storey. The rear wing has two casement windows in each storey. Three shaped brick chimneys rise from the roof.</p><br>
<p>Kurumdy Mountain is a mountain in the Pamir Mountains of Central Asia, in the eastern section of the Transalai Range. Kurumdy  has an elevation of 6,614 metres above sea level and sits on the international border between Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan and China.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>Kurumdy is located in the eastern part of the Transalai Range (Eastern Trans-Alay, Russian: Восточный Заалай) in the Pamir Mountains of Central Asia. It is 22 km east of the Kyzyl-Art Pass. On the northern side flows the East Kyzilsy Glacier with a length of 3,7 km and an area of 69,4 km². The Kurumdy Glacier with 17,2 km and 60,6 km² is located on the south side and flows to the west.</p><br>
<p>Since territorial changes 2011 it is the three state summit between Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan and China.</p><br>
<h2>Climbing history</h2><br>
<p>The 1932 ascent by E. Timashev and party from south was not to the main summit. There are some errors in the list of Shataev and also the entry relates to Kurumdy West. They might have been on the south ridge of Kurumdy West at Point 6154m as stated by the historican Jozef Hala.</p><br>
<p>2001 Michael Mihajlov and Vitaliy Akimov reached the Kurumdy I summit by climbing a major north ridge and did the first ascent.</p><br>
<p>The first traverse (East-West, 15 days) was accomplished in summer 2015 by the Austrians Markus Gschwendt and Katharina Pfnaisl. This was the second ascent of the main summit (6614 m, 5 August 2015). Further they traversed some 6000 m peaks of which at least two peaks were unclimbed at this time. For the ascent they used a very steep slope east oft the Kurumdy east summits (6384 m, Peak Kathi 6259 m). The descent was done by crossing the west summits (6554 m, 6283 m) and then following a north ridge to Golova Orla 5440 m from where they reached the Basecamp (3770 m)</p><br>
<h2>Information for visitors</h2><br>
<p>For the Area is a border-area-permit necessary (info from 2015)</p><br>
<p>Approach from the north, Kyrgyzstan: Airport in Osh, Taxi to Sari Tash, with Horses to the basecamp on the northern side of the East Kyzilsy Glacier at 3770 m. Water quality can be a problem. Bring a water filter system.</p><br>
<p>There is no easy line to the summit. Success depends much on snow conditions and weather.</p><br>
<p>Rann of Kutch is a large area of salt marshes located mostly in Gujarat , India and the southern tip of Sindh, Pakistan. It is divided into two main parts; Great Rann of Kutch and Little Rann of Kutch.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The Rann of Kutch is located in the Thar Desert bio-geographic area in the Indian state of Gujarat with some parts in Pakistani province of Sindh. It is a seasonally marshy region, the word Rann meaning "salt marsh", alternating with medaks, elevated pieces of land where vegetation grows.</p><br>
<p>Kutch is the name of the district in Gujarat where this region is situated. The marsh covers a huge area of around 10,000 square miles and is positioned between the Gulf of Kutch and the mouth of the Indus River in southern Pakistan. To the northeast corner of the Rann of Kutch lies the Luni River, originating in Rajasthan.</p><br>
<h2>Ecological importance</h2><br>
<p>The Rann of Kutch is the only large flooded grasslands zone in the whole Indo-Malayan region.</p><br>
<p>The fact that the area has desert on one side and the sea on the other provides the Rann of Kutch with a variety of ecosystems, including mangroves and desert vegetation. The grassland and deserts of the Rann of Kutch are home to forms of wildlife that have adapted to the often harsh conditions of this vast area. These include endemic and endangered animal and plant species.</p><br>
<p>Bellandur Lake is a lake in the suburb of Bellandur in the southeast of the city of Bangalore and is the largest lake in the city. It is a part of Bellandur drainage system that drains the southern and the south-eastern parts of the city. The lake is a receptor from three chains of lakes upstream, and has a catchment area of about 148 km&sup2;. Water from this lake flows further east to the Varthur Lake, from where it flows down the plateau and eventually into the Pinakani river basin. It is currently highly polluted with sewage, and in May 2015 the foam covering the water surface caught fire and burned for hours.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Bellandur Lake is believed to be originally a tributary of the Dakshina Pinakini river (also known as the Ponnaiyar River). The lake itself was constructed during the reign of the Western Ganga Dynasty who ruled between the 4-5th century to 10th century CE. Evidences of early human settlement have been excavated along the bed of the Bellandur lake by historian Dr. PV Krishnamurthy.</p><br>
<p>Bellandur Lake is a major water body which is located in one of the three main valleys of Bangalore. It forms a part of the Ponnaiyar River catchment, and water from Bellandur flows to Varthur Lake, ultimately joining the Pennar River. Currently, most of Bengaluru&#39;s treated and untreated sewage is released into Bellandur Lake, severely polluting it, resulting in a depletion of wildlife in and around the lake. Residential and commercial activities in the region have resulted in increasing the silt deposition in the lake and have caused loss of underground water recharge.</p><br>
<h2>Flora and fauna</h2><br>
<p>The lake was a prominent catchment area with a good green cover and was a watering hole for the region&#39;s numerous, indigenous wildlife. But 30 years of unplanned urbanization have taken a toll on the lake, now several species are gone from the area, including kingfishers, parrots, parakeets, wood pigeons, kites, king cobras, rat snakes, monitor lizards. As more and more large apartment complexes come up on the lakes shores, more such species will disappear.</p><br>
<h2>Impact of urbanisation</h2><br>
<p>The land around the lake is used as a dumping ground by builders and housing societies in the area. Since early 2000s, nearby areas have been dumping untreated sewage and industrial waste into the lake unchecked. From The combination of all these factors have led to a decline in the once robust eco-system of the lake which now resembles a stinking cesspool. Residents in neighboring areas complain of an odious stench that rises from the lake as a result of uninhibited sewage and chemical dumping from near by industrial units. The presence of industrial chemicals in the water causes the lake surface to catch fire regularly.</p><br>
<h2>Conservation</h2><br>
<p>Time and again the Bangalore Government has attempted to take positive action to save the lake, but in the end, the maximum efforts come from only from the citizens who plan plantation drives and cleanup programs around the lake. RTI activists like CH Ram have repeatedly brought the Lakes plight to the BBMPs attention, and have been promised affirmative action to save the lake. In 2010, the BBMP adopted a Lake Rejuvenation Program. Under this program, the lake received new fencing around its perimeter, only a few saplings were planted and the lake was cleaned up.</p><br>
<p>In 2015, led by IT employee Sanchita Jha, a multi-font online campaign was raised by people of the city, with around fifty thousand petitioners, gaining wide scale media attention and forcing the CM to direct the authorities to draw up an action plan.</p><br>
<p>However, the sewage treatment plants and small industries that dispel their wastes into the lake, have still not been stopped and so the lake&#39;s main problems still continue.</p><br>
<p>In March 2017, the state government invited experts from the UK and Israel to help resolve environmental issues.</p><br>
<p>The Battle of St. Kitts or St. Cristopher was a successful Spanish expedition that seized the islands of Saint Kitts and Nevis from the English and French during the Anglo-Spanish War .</p><br>
<h2>Background</h2><br>
<p>By the year 1629, the colony had grown sufficiently to be regarded as a threat to the Spanish West Indies. English settlers had been recruited to the number of nearly 3,000, and guns and ammunition had been sent over. Orders were given to the commander of the outward bound Spanish fleet Armada de Sotavento to Mexico to clear out the heavily armed English and French colonies.</p><br>
<h2>Raid</h2><br>
<p>The Spanish expedition, under the command of Admiral Fadrique Álvarez de Toledo Osorio, dropped anchor at Nevis Island and captured and destroyed several English ships anchored there. Spanish soldiers were then sent ashore to destroy the few newly built structures and capture the settlers.</p><br>
<p>When Nevis was seized by the Spanish forces, the planters were deserted by their servants, who swam out to the Spanish ships to cries of "Liberty, joyfull Liberty," preferring collaboration with the Spanish than to the subjection of tyrannical English masters.</p><br>
<p>On 7 September 1629, the Spanish expedition moved on to the sister island Saint Kitts and burned the entire settlement.</p><br>
<h2>Aftermath</h2><br>
<p>By the terms of surrender, the Spanish allotted shipping to carry some 700 of the colonists back to England. But other colonists, variously estimated at 200 to 400, evaded capture by taking to the hills and woods.</p><br>
<p>After an agreement between the Spanish and English crowns, the Spanish departed in 1630, handing the island to England. The fugitives returned to their plantations to form the nucleus of a new phase of colonization.</p><br>
<p>Watcombe Bay is a bay on the south west coast of the Isle of Wight, England. It lies just to the west of Freshwater Bay. It faces south towards the English Channel and is one of the smallest bays of the Isle of Wight. It is cut into the chalk cliff face of Highdown Cliffs. Its shoreline is less than 100m in length. Because of the steep cliffs it is only accessible by foot by scrambling round on the rocks from Freshwater Bay at low tide.</p><br>
<p>The seabed is a mixture of mud, sand and shells. The beach is predominantly shingle</p><br>
<p>The bay is best viewed from the cliff top on the Isle of Wight Coastal Path which passes by the bay.</p><br>
<p>In the mid-19th century, a tunnel and steps led from the clifftop to the beach. A second tunnel, intended to connect the beach to the grounds of Redoubt House above, was commenced in the 1930s by EH Crinage.</p><br>
<p>Commack United Methodist Church and Cemetery is a historic Methodist church meeting house and cemetery located at 486 Townline Road in Commack, Suffolk County, New York. It was built in 1789 and is a relatively large, two story, two bay shingled building with a broad, overhanging gable roof. It is the oldest Methodist church in New York State in continuous operation. The surrounding burial ground has graves dating to the 18th century.Bailey, Paul; Long Island: A history of two great counties, Nassau and Suffolk, vol. II, N.Y., Lewis Historical Publisher, Inc., 1949. Chapter 24, Smith Alison J. "Methodism on Long Island."</p><br>
<p>Methodism in Winne-Comac began in 1783 when a society was formed after a sermon preached by John Phillips, a Methodist local preacher and a tailor in the British army during the Revolutionary War. James Hubbs had heard him in Cow Harbor (now Northport) and invited him to preach in his home. The first conference preacher, Phillip Cox, was appointed to Newton and Comac the following year, holding services in homes, with a total of two dozen members, half of them Negro slaves. In 1785 Ezekiel Cooper was appointed to the Long Island Circuit of which Comac was a part.</p><br>
<p>The Comac Society was the second to be formed on Long Island, preceded only by Newton in 1768. However, the historic building we now call our 1789 Chapel, has the distinction of being the oldest Methodist Church in continuous use in New York in which people still worship in the original building, with but few alterations. For it was in 1789 during the pastorate of William Phoebus that James Hubbs and the community erected "a neat, substantial and commodious house of worship." Others active in the society at that time were Nehemiah Brush, Jacob Wheeler, Charles Peters, Joel Rogers and Jacob Hoff. The land was purchased from Von Hadah Robbins for two pounds five shillings. Featured were a high box pulpit, one center door, and one balcony stairs. Foot warmers were brought by worshippers in the cold winters.</p><br>
<p>In 1791 Harry Hosier, known as Black Harry, preached at the invitation of Jacob Brush, while traveling with Bishop Francis Asbury; and in 1796, Freeborn Garretson was Presiding Elder. In 1803, a group from Winne-Comac with Freeborn Garretson, established a class at the home of Joseph Higby, Little Harbor, later called Centerport, while Sylvester was pastor.</p><br>
<p>In 1806, Mitchell B. Bull and James Cleman, joint preachers of the Long Island Circuit, each preached only 15 times at Comac because of the size of their circuit. In 1810, Comac became part of the Suffolk County Circuit along with Happauge and Sag Harbor, with joint preachers Henry Redstone and Coles Carpenter.</p><br>
<p>A hand written summary of early Quarterly Conferences (1/4", with writer’s shorthand) with only the name "Chris Hawkes, 1895" located in the Huntington Historical Society Library, provided interesting sidelights of an 1815 meeting: "On Sunday a.m. services started at 8 or 9 o’clock with a Love Feast. On these important occasions the membership of all the surrounding country came together, and we were given tickets of admission to the communion services by the class leaders. No one could enter these sacred services otherwise, nor those who wore rings on fingers or ears, nor flowers or hats." The circuit riders traveled some 250 miles each month to cover their circuit. Until 1869, a different preacher was assigned to Comac each year, including 1833 when the Smithtown circuit was formed and J. Lovejoy was the assigned preacher. In 1830 services were held every two weeks in Comac.</p><br>
<p>In 1835-36, the building was remodeled during the tenure of John B. Merwin. The roof was shingled; a chimney was built for a stove with accompanying monstrous pipes across the building; the twelve foot high pulpit was remodeled and lowered two feet; the communion rail was made semicircular; the floor was raised where needed to make it level; and two panel entrance doors were built replacing the single one, with two flights of stairs to the balcony. Men entered and sat on the left side, women on the right.</p><br>
<p>In 1859 the pulpit was again lowered during some remodeling while Eben S. Hibbard was pastor. A letter from W.A. Layton, pastor 1880-82 to Mrs. M. E. Shea, dated May 1, 1934, stated that during his pastorate the church still had the high pulpit, and he remembered performing the wedding ceremony for Mr. & Mrs. Fred Goldsmith, Senior, while Rev. Wardell was District Superintendent. He further stated that he "never spent a happier pastorate than the one he spent on the Smithtown Circuit."</p><br>
<p>In 1883 the pulpit was lowered to its present height for the 100th anniversary of the society. In 1889, a parsonage was built as part of the celebration of the 100th anniversary, during pastorate of William Dalziel, and a barn and sheds were built in 1895.</p><br>
<p>"Let there be light!" Between 1921-23, electricity was wired into the church. There was none in Comac until after 1918, since Brindley Field in Comac was responsible for bringing it for its own use during World War I, and it became available to homes, stores, and the Church.</p><br>
<p>Also in 1923 new song books were purchased, and a gold lettered church sign was erected. In 1925 or 1926, the basement was dug out for the first time to install a furnace for comfortable warmth, and finally to get rid of the monstrous pipes overhead.</p><br>
<p>In 1939, in preparation for the 150th anniversary, the building was painted, landscaping of church grounds was improved, a circular driveway with Belgian blocks and a border were made, continuing along the sidewalk as a WPA project. The sign "Commack Methodist Church. The oldest Methodist Church edifice..." was erected and the World War I Honor Roll sign moved closer to the street on west side of building and a field was cleaned for parking area. Bishop Francis J. Mc Connel preached at the Sunday, October 1 evening service, with 125 attending, 54 guests registered, and an offering of $21.50.</p><br>
<p>Tuesday night was "Old Pastor’s Night," with greetings by many former pastors and a brief historical sketch by Rev. William C. Craig, with 120 attending, and an offering of $24.25.</p><br>
<p>Thursday night was "Interdenominational Night," with greetings from many churches; hymn singing led by Dr. Richard L. Francis; and a history of the church given by Mrs. E. Shea, mother of Henry Shea; and greetings from Rev. J. Percival Huget, president of Suffolk County Council of Churches. The attendance was 230, and the offering, $30.50.</p><br>
<p>The Old Home Jubilee Meeting was held Sunday, October 8 at 3 p.m. with song service again led by Dr. Francis. A group photo taken in front of the building included some 125 of the 185 present. The address was given by Albert E. Beebe, superintendent of the Brooklyn North District. Attendance was 185 and offering, $34.25. Charles S. Gray was Pastor.</p><br>
<p>In 1952 remodeling included a new roof, new foundation, heating system, and some replacement floor beams, during the pastorate of R.R. Roberts, who also wrote a history of Methodism in Commack.</p><br>
<p>In 1957 because of increasing attendance, the first section of the Religious Education Building was completed at a cost of $60,000, and rented for three years for weekday use to the Commack Public Schools. In 1961, at a time of burgeoning population growth in Commack, a second unit was added at a cost of $70,000, and used by Suffolk County BOCES until 1973. During this period, Sunday School enrollment was over 200. Austin Armitstead was pastor in 1957, and Max Mobley in 1961. The appearance of the altar area was enhanced by additions of a reredos similar to that of historic St. George Church in Philadelphia.</p><br>
<p>In 1964 the 175th anniversary of the building was celebrated with a series of special Sunday services from September 20 - October 11, with guest speakers Rev. Harrison Davis, District Superintendent; Bishop Lloyd C. Wicke; Bishop Frederick B. Newell; Dr. Ross Linger, former pastor; and Dr. Henry Whyman, Executive Secretary of the New York Society. A gala dinner was held at the Huntington Town House. Mortgage was paid on the Religious Education building, and a vote was taken to purchase land for a new Sanctuary and Fellowship Hall.</p><br>
<p>The new sanctuary was dedicated in 1968, and the older building became known as the "1789 Chapel." It is still used for worship on the Sunday before July 4, and for Christmas Eve services, as well as by the Long Island Korean United Methodist Church which has been sharing our facilities since 1979.</p><br>
<p>In 1983 a 200th anniversary celebration of the Society included making a bicentennial banner and quilt; an open house tour of the historical home of Senator Burr; printing of a cookbook of members’ recipes; a pictorial directory; a slide lecture of Commack by Brad Harris, Smithtown Historian; a worship service May 1, 1983 with sermon by Bishop Roy C. Nichols, and a Homecoming Service September 18 with reminiscences from former pastors and members.</p><br>
<p>The 1789 Chapel continues to be a vital part of the total church program in spreading the gospel of Christ to the people of Commack.</p><br>
<p>A cemetery with graves dating from 1791 is adjacent to the Chapel.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<p>Fort Golgotha and the Old Burial Hill Cemetery is the site of an historic cemetery, officially known as the "Old Burying Ground", and the location of a former Revolutionary War-era fort, known as Fort Golgotha, at Main Street  and Nassau Road in Huntington, New York. It is located in the Old Town Green Historic District and Old Town Hall Historic District.</p><br>
<p>The fort, which takes its named from Golgotha, was built by British troops in 1782 on orders of Colonel Thompson, commander of the Kings American Dragoons, on the site of the town burial ground. The nearby Presbyterian Church was dismantled, and its timbers used in the forts construction. The fort was one, of a network, of British fortifications, in and around Huntington. East of town there was a larger fortification, on the site later, known as Gallows Hill, now known as "Fort Hill", Fort Slongo (now known as Fort Salonga) even further to the east, and Fort Franklin to the north on Lloyd Neck. After the British troops withdrew in 1783, the fort was dismantled, the burial grounds restored and the Presbyterian Church rebuilt. The site was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1981.</p><br>
<p>Old First Church is an historic Presbyterian church building at 125 Main Street in Huntington, Suffolk County, New York. It was built in 1784 and is a two and one-half-story building with a steeply pitched gable roof. About 1900, a two-story, five-gable-roofed addition was completed on the rear of the building. It features a tall, square, five-story bell tower that dominates the center of the main facade.</p><br>
<p>The church is actually the third church of the same name to stand in the area. The original was built in 1665, soon after the town&#39;s founding at what is tody the southwest corner of NY 25A and Spring Street. The first church was demolished when its size proved inadequate, even after expansion, and the second church erected in its present location in 1715. The second church was destroyed in 1782 for use in construction of fortifications by British troops occupying Huntington. The current church was rebuilt in the same location in 1784.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<p>Old Fort House is a historic house at 29 Lower Broadway in Fort Edward, Washington County, New York. The house is owned by the Fort Edward Historical Association and operated as a local history museum. In 1983 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Revolutionary War</h3><br>
<p>The Old Fort House is a two story, five bay, center hall frame building, with a shallow gambrel roof. It is one of the oldest wooden frame structures in Northern New York and was built in 1772 by Patrick Smyth from timbers salvaged from Fort Edward. Major General Philip Schuyler inspected the old fort during the Saratoga Campaign five years later, and determined that it was in no condition as a place to make a stand against General John Burgoyne, and consequently sought a location farther south. Schuyler placed Benedict Arnold in command of the army&#39;s advance guards at Fort Edward. Arnold arrested Smythe for being a Loyalist.</p><br>
<p>Baroness Frederika Charlotte Riedesel, accompanied her husband, General Friedrich Adolf Riedesel, who led a regiment of soldiers from the Duchy of Brunswick, attached to Burgoyne&#39;s army. In her memoirs, she describes the Old Fort House as "the Red House".</p><br>
<p>The house was used as headquarters by both the British and American during the Revolutionary War. It also played host to various notables such as George Washington and James Madison.</p><br>
<h3>Solomon Northup</h3><br>
<p>Between 1830 and 1834 Solomon and Anne Hampton Northup lived in Fort Edward and Kingsbury. The couple first set up housekeeping in the Old Fort House, which is described in his memoir, Twelve Years a Slave, as "the old yellow building". Northups memoir was adapted as the PBS television movie Solomon Northups Odyssey (1984) and the Oscar-winning film 12 Years a Slave (2013).</p><br>
<p>The building suffered severe fire damage in 1943.</p><br>
<p>The Old Fort House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<h2>Museum</h2><br>
<p>The Old Fort House is part of a 17 building museum complex with 5 structures; the Old Fort House Museum, A. Dallas Wait Law Office, Cronkhite Pavilion, Riverside Schoolhouse and Baldwin Barn Gallery open for tours daily in the summer months. It was listed as one of the best house museums in Northeastern New York and New England by author William Hosley.</p><br>
<p>Each summer the Museum hosts an Annual Country Fair & Antiques Auction.</p><br>
<p>B&#39;nai Israel Synagogue is a historic synagogue on NY 52 in Woodbourne, Town of Fallsburg, Sullivan County, New York. The first rabbi of the synagogue was David Isaac Godlin . It was built in 1920 and is a two story building above a shallow concrete basement. It is a wood frame structure, three bays wide by four bays deep and surmounted by a steep gable roof with deep wooden cornice.</p><br>
<p>In the Spring of 2010 Rabbi Mordechai Jungreis, Rebbe of the Nikolsburg Hasidic dynasty, renovated the synagogue and was appointed Rabbi of the synagogue.</p><br>
<p>Rabbi Jungreis, who has a synagogue in the Borough Park neighborhood of Brooklyn, NY has attracted a large following of Jews, specifically teenagers and young adults. Minyanim take place there all day long, shachrit, mincha, maariv from early morning to past mid night. The synagogue is to be used during the summer months, from Memorial day to Labor Day when Sullivan County sees a large influx of Jewish vacationers.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.</p><br>
<p>Gallupville Evangelical Lutheran Church is a historic Evangelical Lutheran church on 980 NY 443 in Gallupville, Schoharie County, New York. It is a rectangular, gable roofed, timber framed structure with narrow clapboard siding in the vernacular Greek Revival style. It was built in 1853 and a two bay, gable roofed Sunday School parish wing was added about 1964. A large two floor parish hall was added about 2002 which includes classrooms, offices, youth room, nursery, library, food pantry and storage areas.</p><br>
<p>Originally when the church was founded it belonged to the Augustinian synod and later was a congregation of the Lutheran Church in America (LCA). Later the LCA and several other Lutheran synods joined together to form the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA). In 2010, Evangelical left the ELCA to become a Charter Congregation of the newly formed.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<p>The Glenville School is a historic school building at 449 Pemberwick Road in the Glenville section of Greenwich, Connecticut, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003. It was one of several schools built in the town in the 1920s, when it consolidated its former rural school districts into a modern school system, with modern buildings.</p><br>
<p>Architect James O. Betelle, a specialist in school buildings, produced a Georgian Revival school similar to the seven other ones in the town. However, Glenville&#39;s is the only one built in a "T" shape, with the auditorium in a front wing. It soon became the major public building in this former mill community, and in 1975, after the elementary school moved to a more modern building, the existing facility became the home of the Western Greenwich Civic Center. In 2003 it was added to the National Register of Historic Places, both in its own right and as a contributing property to the Glenville Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>The school property is a 10 acre lot on Pemberwick Road, just southeast of the downtown section of Glenville, a section of Greenwich on the state line next to Rye, New York (Port Chester, N.Y.). It is across the street from the village green and the mill pond in the Byram River. The Hawthorne Woolen Mill that was once the economic center of Glenville, now used as stores and office space, is across Pemberwick to the southwest.</p><br>
<p>The building is located in the northwest corner of the lot. To the east are two baseball fields; Weaver Street bounds the property on that side. The southern and western sections are wooded, extending to Hawthorne Street North and Highview Road respectively and rear lot lines of houses on those streets. A diverse group of species, including London plane, sycamore, lindens and maples, have been planted.</p><br>
<h3>Exterior</h3><br>
<p>The school itself is faced in brick laid in Flemish bond trimmed with cast stone sills, keystones, and water table on a high basement. Both wings are topped with slate hipped roofs, with overhanging wooden eaves at the roofline. The two-and-a-half-story classroom wing, running east-west to the south, has an octagonal wooden cupola topped with bell roof and finial. Two small hip-roofed dormer windows pierce either end.</p><br>
<p>At the north end of the one-and-a-half-story auditorium wing is the main entrance, sheltered by a pedimented, tetrastyle portico. The six round wooden columns (two of which are engaged with the north facade) rising from the stylobate paved in basket weave-patterned brick three feet (1 m) below the water table to unusual capitals with acanthus leaves around a fluted neck. The entablature above echoes that with a fluted architrave, a plain frieze with "Bendheim Western Greenwich Civic Center" in gold lettering, and a dentilled cornice with Greek keys in the modillions. In the center is a round vent with directional keystones.</p><br>
<p>The wall behind the portico is faced in stucco. The main entrance&#39;s double wooden doors are recessed in a large round arch topped with a leaded fanlight and flanked by two fluted pilasters topped with a similar cornice to the pediment. Next to it are cast stone panels that top the narrow windows aside the pilasters. On either side of the portico are nine-over-nine sash windows.</p><br>
<p>On either side of the north wing, the six bays have four large round-arched windows with molded reveal and tracery. The north end has a regular casement window; the south end has no window. A set of steps lead down to the basement at the north end of the eastern face.</p><br>
<p>The auditorium wing divides the north face of the main wing into two identical sections with two-story, three-bay projecting pavilions and a three-bay hyphen with shed-roofed dormer window. On the western pavilion, a projecting entry bay is substituted for the easternmost window at ground level.</p><br>
<p>The east and west profiles have projecting bays with staircased entries. On the east it is centered with an arched window similar to those on the auditorium wing between two cast-stone belt courses and framed with some slightly projecting bricks. On the west end, a small flat-roofed extension projects to the south, and the fenestration consists of a row of five smaller arch windows between darker belt courses. The south elevation has windows in all ten bays on both stories.</p><br>
<h3>Interior</h3><br>
<p>The main doors open into a vaulted vestibule with paneled wainscoting and a chair rail. Tall pilasters support a simple, molded entablature and connect with the vault ribbing. Fluted pilasters also frame the door from the interior. A staircase with turned newel posts leads downstairs on the west side. A much shorter stairway leads into the auditorium through an entrance with an elliptical arch, molded keystone and molded impost blocks.</p><br>
<p>Pilasters also frame the windows within the auditorium, with picture panels between them. A molded cornice is at the ceiling line. The stage also has wainscoting and a molded chair rail.</p><br>
<p>Many original elements also remain in the classroom, though these are less decorative. Each hallway has an arched marble niche with a drinking fountain. At each end of the three hallways is a three-part wood and glass door with transom in textured glass. The hallways are all wainscoted.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The original Glenville school district dates to 1756. It served the small community that grew up around the gristmill on the Byram. By the late 19th century, it had been displaced by a textile mill employing mostly Irish immigrants who comprised most of the village&#39;s population. In 1882 a two-story brick building replaced the original one-room wooden schoolhouse.</p><br>
<p>In 1910 Greenwich consolidated its small local districts into one large one covering the whole town. Expansions to the mills had nearly doubled Glenvilles population, with more Polish immigrants coming in, and the school building became overcrowded. The buildings neglect and its educational impact, such as classes held in hallways, was the subject of a state report and then a scathing article on June 16, 1912 in The New York Times. Called "Rich Greenwich Spends More on Tires than Schools," it deplored how affluent Greenwich, which relied on philanthropy for much of its school funding, did not keep schools in working-class neighborhoods up to the same standards as those in richer ones.</p><br>
<p>The town began an ambitious building program to correct the issue. Originally the recommendation was that the existing Glenville School be retained and expanded, but later it was decided to build the new school. It absorbed students from several other closed schools in that part of town. James O. Betelle, a Newark, New Jersey, architect whose large institutional and commercial commissions specialize in schools, about which he wrote a great deal, contributed the design. It and two other schools in Greenwich are his only known work in Connecticut, aside from some buildings at what is now Central Connecticut State University in New Britain.</p><br>
<p>When built, the school originally sat on just the 3.3 acre immediately around it. On its dedication day in 1921, 600 people attended in addition to the 350 students it was designed to hold along with faculty. Classes were held for an hour prior to the ceremony so parents and visitors could observe how they were conducted. In addition to the traditional academic disciplines offerings included sewing, cooking and drawing. The Social Service League of Greenwich operated a large community medical clinic in the building for Glenville residents.</p><br>
<p>The school building quickly became the focal point of the neighborhood, displacing the declining mills that had given rise to the community in the first place. In 1931, the other 6.7 acre of the property were acquired and fields built. It was complemented by the two-acre (8,000 m²) village green that the town bought in 1938, and the firehouse opposite.</p><br>
<p>Minor alterations were made to the interior in the middle of the century. The school remained in use until a new one was built on Riversville Road in 1975. It was immediately converted into a civic center, with upgrades made to its plumbing and heating. In the late 2000, it was extensively renovated. Few other modifications have been made, and it is the most intact of the schools Greenwich built in the early 20th century.</p><br>
<p>The civic center building is open on weekday mornings. Sundays, it is used for religious services; at other times it is used for community purposes, like Scout troop meetings, continuing education, a thrift shop, café, indoor sports and children&#39;s playgroups. The playground and fields are available for community use, as well. After the renovation, a weight room and day care center were also available.</p><br>
<p>The Otter Lake Community Church, built in 1861 in Hawkinsville, New York, is now located on the east side of Route 28 in Otter Lake, Oneida County, New York. It was moved to this site in 1921.</p><br>
<p>This Gothic Revival-style church has the following architectural features: emphasis on verticality; board and batten siding; steeply pitched roof; and arched windows and door. The interior of the church contains the original pews, altar, and balcony. It is a rectangular, gable roofed Carpenter Gothic structure with board-and-batten siding. It features a massive four stage, square tower engaged in the front facade. Located on the south side of the church is the pastor&#39;s lodge, erected in 1924.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.</p><br>
<p>The AARCH Award 2004 was awarded to the The Trustees of the Otter Lake Community Church for long-term stewardship.</p><br>
<p>The Francis M. Stafford House is a historic house located at 102 Broadway Street in Paintsville, Kentucky, United States.</p><br>
<p>The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places not only for its architecture, but for its family&#39;s importance in the founding and development of Paintsville. In 1843, John Stafford, the original owner of the house, helped establish the city of Paintsville. Then in the 1930s, the Stafford family sold most of their 1,000 acre farm to the city, doubling it in size.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The rear part of the home was built circa 1843, while the front part was built circa 1888, making it the oldest house in Johnson County. Although the home was originally built for John Stafford, it was named for his son who accumulated his father&#39;s property after he died in 1869. Francis Stafford also built the main part of the house.</p><br>
<p>At one time, the Stafford farm included several other buildings, among which were a smokehouse, a store house, a coal house, several barns, a corn crib and a grist mill, which was located below the home on Paint Creek.</p><br>
<p>In 1861 a holly tree was planted in front of the house and it still stands today.</p><br>
<p>Since 1979, after the death of May Stafford, the daughter of Francis M. Stafford, the house has remained vacant. In 2003, the state of Kentucky offered a $200,000 grant to the city of Paintsville in order to help with the purchase and restoration of the historic home. On July 12, 2003, the Paintsville City Council declined the grant.</p><br>
<p>In April 2010, a resident from nearby Floyd County purchased the home. After two years of renovations, the Stafford House opened for tours in October 2012.</p><br>
<p>Rancho San Lucas was a 8,875 acre Mexican land grant in the Salinas Valley, in present-day Monterey County, California given in 1842 by Governor Juan B. Alvarado to Rafael Estrada. The grant extended along the west bank of the Salinas River south of present-day San Lucas.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>José Rafael Estrada, son of José Raymundo Estrada and Josefa Maria Vallejo de Alvarado, received the grant of the San Lucas for two square leagues in 1842. Rafael Estrada was a half brother of Governor Juan Alvarado.</p><br>
<p>Estrada sold Rancho San Lucas to James McKinley. Captain James McKinley, a Scottish sailor, arrived at Monterey in the 1820s and became a successful trader. In 1843, he was involved in a trading business partnership with Captain John Paty and Henry D. Fitch. He served as an agent for both Thomas O. Larkin and his half brother, Captain John B.R. Cooper. McKinley married Carmen Amesti, daughter of José Amesti, who was the grantee of Rancho Los Corralitos. McKinley was also the patentee of Rancho Moro y Cayucos.</p><br>
<p>With the cession of California to the United States following the Mexican-American War, the 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo provided that the land grants would be honored. As required by the Land Act of 1851, a claim for Rancho San Lucas was filed with the Public Land Commission in 1853, and the grant was patented to James McKinley in 1882.</p><br>
<p>McKinley sold the Rancho San Lucas in 1862 to Alberto Trescony, during a drought that devastated California cattle ranches. Alberto Trescony (1814–1892), born in Italy, arrived in Monterey in 1842. A tin smith, he became wealthy enough manufacturing pans for California Gold Rush miners to begin investing in real estate.</p><br>
<p>With the purchase of part of Rancho San Bernardo and all of Rancho San Benito, Alberto Trescony consolidated his San Lucas holdings into a ranch of about 20,000 acre. Trescony also acquired Rancho Tularcitos. Drought in 1871–1872 killed large numbers of Trescony&#39;s sheep. In 1876, Trescony moved to Santa Cruz, and turned over the operation of the rancho to his son, Julius A. Trescony.</p><br>
<p>At some point in the 1880s, Alberto Trescony moved back to Monterey County. He died in 1892 during a stay at a Salinas hotel, and is buried at a cemetery in San Lucas, for which he donated the land. The estate was distributed to his three children: a one-third interest to his son Julius A. Trescony; a one-third interest to his daughter, the wife of Robert F. Johnson of El Paso, Texas; and a one-third interest to the two minor children (Anita Christal and her brother Leo Christal) of his deceased daughter, Rose, wife of J.F. Christal.</p><br>
<p>Alto Toroni  is a mountain in South America. It is 5,995 m tall and sits on the international border between Bolivia and Chile.</p><br>
<p>The mountain is of volcanic nature and has had recent ground deformation and seismic activity. Heavy glacial activity has affected the mountain&#39;s shape, and some glaciation persists until today.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Alto Toroni is the highest mountain in the Andes between 19 and 21° degrees south. The volcano is surrounded by other volcanoes and rises about 2,000 m above the surrounding plain. The volcano has the shape of a Y with ridges pointing northeast, southeast and west. Cerro Carvinto (5,060 m) is a subsidiary peak southwest of the main summit. Picavilque and Kimsa Chata are neighbours of this volcano. The volcano is located in the Pica gap, a territory of decreased Holocene volcanism between Irruputuncu and Isluga volcanoes, on the western edge of an Oligocene or Quaternary volcanic field named Serranía Intersalar. The local erosion level comprising Salar de Uyuni and Salar de Coipasa rises up to the massif that is median 5,030 m high and is incised by deep gorges.</p><br>
<p>The area is part of the summer rain zone of the Atacama; the mountain displays a highly diurnal temperature cycle and frost-thaw effects. Precipitation is assumed to be 200 mm at 4,500 m altitude and 300 - at 5,000 m. Runoff runs towards the east. The area is subject to heavy insolation.</p><br>
<p>On the southern and eastern side, valleys and dry streams have dendritic systems, while in the north and west parallel valleys prevail. The Rio Blanco, the Ricon Tacurma, the Quebrada Seca and the Quebrada Quisimachir are the only streams carrying water at all times; other channels are active only during snowmelt and rainfall.</p><br>
<p>Cancosa 16 km southeast and Villa Blanca are the closest human habitations to the volcano with a few hundred indigenous inhabitants; Cancosa also has a military post. Land roads connect these to the larger town Pica that is five hours away.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>Lava flows from the volcano are well preserved and extend radially into Bolivia.</p><br>
<p>Lavas are of dacitic composition and one hornblende-biotite dacite in the Cueva Colorada sector has been potassium-argon dated at 3.4 mya. The dacites contain phenocrysts of biotite and large feldspar crystals embedded in an oxidized groundmass. Some rocks are altered and have been affected by glacial action. Solfataric deposits are found on the volcano. The volcano has been subject to strong glacial denudation.</p><br>
<p>Evidence of ongoing volcanic activity includes local seismic activity and deformation, including a pulse between 2007 and 2010. This deformation is inferred to originate at 16 km depth and may be of axisymmetric or less likely dyke shape. 25 km southwest of the Sillajguay chain is the Pampa Lirima geothermal field.</p><br>
<h2>Glaciation</h2><br>
<p>Breaking blocks, firn and patterned or striated ground occupy small areas. In some valleys rock glaciers cover up to 5% of the surface area in some valleys. A major, active 500 m long block glacier lies in the Rincon Tucuruma valley, with a tongue 60 m high. Smaller block glaciers lie on the sides of the Quebrada Seca, at an altitude of 5,200 -. Firn with penitentes has been found just southwest below the summit area, likely the remains of a glacier.</p><br>
<p>The volcano was formerly much more strongly glaciated, with glaciers 11 km long on the north side and 7 - on the south side of the mountain. Moraines have been found at a lowest altitude of 4,240 m, with higher ones at 4,460 m and 4,520 m. All major valleys are through valleys due to glacial deepening.</p><br>
<p>Global warming caused a decrease of the surface area of the glacier by 54% between 1989 and 2011 after temperature increases of 2 &deg;C. Some minor expansion has occurred after El Nino events. Continuing warming may lead to a reduction of the glacier&#39;s area by 50% by 2030.</p><br>
<h2>Flora and fauna</h2><br>
<p>Vegetation cover is scarce in the area and is dominated by grasses and shrubs and isolated Polylepis trees. According to local reports, Puma burrows are found on the heights of the volcano.</p><br>
<p>Trinity Lutheran Church and Cemetery is a historic Lutheran church and cemetery at 5430 NY 10 in Stone Arabia, Montgomery County, New York. Located immediately north is the Reformed Dutch Church of Stone Arabia.</p><br>
<p>The original log church, built in 1729, was burned to the ground by British forces led by Sir William Johnson during the October 19, 1780 Battle of Stone Arabia. The current wooden framed structure was built in 1792. It is a rectangular, gable roofed vernacular Federal style building with later Italianate modifications. The cemetery was established in the early 18th century and contains approximately 25 burials. The earliest extant gravestone dates to 1752.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<p>The State Tower Building is a high-rise building located in Syracuse, New York. Completed in 1928, the building remains the highest in Syracuse to date. It has 23 floors and rises 95.4 meters  into the air. The building was designed as a large office building with the first 10 floors being large, and the top floors being setback and smaller such that one entity might occupy an entire floor. On the roof of the tenth floor was a deck on which there was a full-service restaurant.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The State Tower Building is located at 201 East Genesee Street and was erected in 1928 at a cost of $1.5 million. It occupies the former site of the Bastable Theatre where many famous stars gave an appearance including "Mansfield, Irving, Drew, Terry, Goodwin and Bernhardt."</p><br>
<p>The building is made of steel and concrete with a limestone, terra-cotta and brick facade. The architect was Thompson & Churchill. It was renovated in 2003.</p><br>
<p>It is the site of regular peregrine falcon nesting. In 2010, four falcons were born including four males.</p><br>
<p>In 2014, some concerns were raised over possible hazards with the facade of the building.</p><br>
<h2>Hanover Square historic district</h2><br>
<p>The building is a contributing property in the Hanover Square Historic District, which was listed on the USA National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<p>When the building opened in 1928 Miss Martha LeRoy put the first American flag at its top.</p><br>
<p>John Tigard House is a home built in 1880 located in Tigard in the USA state of Oregon. The home was originally owned by John Tigard, the son of Tigard founder Wilson Tigard. Queen Anne in style, the structure was moved from its original location along Oregon Route 99W in 1978. Now a museum, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1852, Wilson Tigard arrived over the Oregon Trail and settled in the southeast part of Washington County, Oregon, where he became the namesake to what was originally called Tigardville, and later shortened to Tigard. Tigard’s oldest son John built a house in 1880 on a plot of land that is now at the intersection of Gaarde Street and Oregon Route 99W in Tigard. After a time the structure began to deteriorate and became rundown by the 1970s.</p><br>
<p>In the 1970s a group of residents formed the Tigard Historical Association to prevent the house from being torn down. The museum hosted a collection of toys from the 1930s to the 1970s during June in 2008.</p><br>
<h2>Details</h2><br>
<p>The -story wood building is in the Queen Anne style of architecture with some Carpenter Gothic elements. The half story is an attic, which is used for storing artifacts of the historical society. Outside, the yard includes an apple orchard. Each year during December the home is decorated for Christmas. The free museum has an open house each month.</p><br>
<p>Church of St. John the Evangelist is a historic Episcopal church on Chittenden Road  in Stockport, Columbia County, New York. It was completed in August, 1846 at a cost of $12,000 and consecrated by Bishop Heathcote Delancey of the Diocese of Western New York on July 3, 1847. Earlier, the Reverend Henry Townsend of the Diocese of Connecticut rode on horseback over the Berkshire Mountains to attend the original incorporation meeting on Sept. 20, 1845. St. Johns was the first Episcopal church built in Columbia County, NY and its grounds bear one of two original lychgates in the county, the second being at St. Marks Church in Philmont. St. Johns is a one-story, rectangular, wood-frame building in the board-and-batten Carpenter Gothic style painted deep brown, hence its affectionate local moniker, "The Little Brown Church.". It features a projecting center entrance tower holding a cast iron church bell, double entry doors, stained glass window and upper double vents. The main entrance, flanked by iron boot scrapers, opens to reveal a simple vestibule bearing the bell rope and a framed plaque in memory of Joseph Marshall, builder of the church, whose remains are interred beneath the north transept. Marshall was born in Huddersfield, England in 1773, emigrated to America in 1827, built St. Johns in 1846 and died in 1848. Steep gable roofs protect the horizontal main structure containing the organ loft, nave, chancel and sanctuary. The north and south walls of the nave each contain four beautiful stained glass windows. At the building&#39;s northwest corner at right angles to the main nave is a former sacristy, which now forms the organ chamber. At the southwest corner stands the present sacristy. The adjacent cemetery contains approximately 2,200 burials from 1821 to the present.</p><br>
<p>On April 13, 1972, following two years of research by historic preservationist Helen M. Ofield, the Church of St. John the Evangelist at Stockport, NY was officially designated a national historic site on the National Register of Historic Places. This event paid tribute not only to the architectural beauty and uniqueness of St. John&#39;s, but to its historical meaning as an American country church. The Town of Stockport and the church literally grew up together. The builders, communicants, and financial supporters were originally either owners of textile mills in Stockport and environs, or employees of those mills.</p><br>
<p>St. Johns perfectly complements Stockport, a quiet place dominated by pre-Civil War houses. To the south of the church stand three houses originally built by Joseph Marshall, builder of St. Johns. Opposite stands the 1853 Italiannate Revival home, "Maple Lawn," built by inventor Rensselaer Reynolds, who designed, built and operated the first electrically powered textile loom, and whose family helped to sustain the church. A son, Robert Burns Reynolds, built a charming Victorian home ("The Grove") in 1888 on land adjacent to the south side of the church cemetery. All of these homes thrive today in private ownership. Also opposite the church is the 1816 brick federal house built by Captain Seth Macy, the third Yankee clipper captain to sail to China. Macy sold the house to Joseph Marshall in 1828. This noble old house is in disastrous condition in 2017.</p><br>
<p>The history of Stockport is tied to the economic history of Western Europe. The 19th century was barely underway when fresh economic disasters struck the thriving textile town of Stockport, Cheshire, England. These periodic depressions altered destinies, spurred migrations and uprooted families. The scion of one such family, James Wild, 20, left Stockport for the New World, where he hoped to invest the remains of the Wild family fortune in textile manufacture. He landed in New York State in 1806 and did just that. About 1808 he settled on a site at the junction of two tributaries of the Hudson River, the Claverack and Columbiaville Creeks, and began to build up the area. He named his new-born town Stockport.</p><br>
<p>First Congregational Church is a historic church at 2 Clay Street in Malone, New York.</p><br>
<p>The third building of the congregation on the site, it was built in 1883. The congregation was the first formed in Franklin County, NY, in 1807, with the first settled pastor in the county (Rev. Ashbel Parmelee). The congregation erected its first church building in 1826 and replaced that first stone building with a second, of brick, in 1852. It is this second building that is thought to have been built with passages to secret escaping slaves on their way to Canada. One of these tunnels is extant in the basement of the current church building. Vice President William A. Wheeler was a member of the church.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<p>St Werburgh Chambers consists of a pair of shops in St Werburgh Street, Chester, Cheshire, England, on the south side of the street facing Chester Cathedral. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1872 the local architect John Douglas submitted a plan to the Improvement Committee of Chester City Council to develop the site. The building was constructed in 1872–73 as offices for Douglas&#39; client G. Hodgkinson, and was numbered 29–33 St Werburgh Street. The building is now used as shops and is numbered 29–31.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The building has three bays. The left bay (at the east of the building, numbered 29) has three storeys and a gable. The other two bays have two storeys, and the bay on the right (at the east, originally numbered 33) also has a gable, smaller than that of the left bay. In the ground floor of the left bay is a modern shop front. In the middle storey is a casement window over which is an oriel window. The gable contains hanging tiles in bands. The shop front on the ground floor of the left bay extends into the middle bay. Over this is a casement window. The right bay has a separate modern shop front in the ground floor. The upper storey is timber-framed and it contains another casement window. The gable contains a row of quatrefoil panels over the window, and above this are curved braces.</p><br>
